SAMPRAPTI OF ASMARI - PATHOGENESIS OF CALCULUS

Urinary calculus is commonly known as kidney stones. In Ayurvedic literature it is referred as Mutrasmari. Mutra means urine, Ashmari means stone. It is a troublesome compliant which may become an emergency at any point of time. 

 

 

Many factors are responsible for the formation of kidney stones. This includes 

• worse lifestyle
• sleeplessness
• odd diets
• heavy consumption of fast food, preserved food etc
• deficiency of Vitamin A 
• intake of antacid drugs
• thyroid disease
• excess intake of particular food item 
• use catheter for long time
• gastric surgery
• obesity
• infection in kidneys etc.

The kapha of a man who neglects to cleanse the internal channels or is in the habit of taking unwholesome food, enraged and aggravated by its own exciting causes is carried into the urinary bladder. Here it becomes saturated with urine and gives rise to the formation of concretions or gravels in its cavity. 

An aching pain in the bladder, with a relish for food, difficulty in urination , an excruciating pain in the scrotum, penis and neck of the bladder, febrile symptoms, physical lassitude and a goat like smell in the urine are the symptoms , which indicate the formation of gravel in the bladder. The deranged doshas involved in impart their specific colour to the urine, and determine the character of the accompanying pain. The urine becomes thick, turbid and vitiated with the action of the aggravated doshas , and micturition becomes extremely painful. 

Decades of years ago, the details of asmari was explained in Ayurveda. It is beautifully explained in Ayurveda texts like Ashtanga hridaya, Caraka samhitha, Susrutha samhitha

 PATHOGENESIS

The pathogenesis of urinary calculi is explained in Ayurveda. The samprapti of Asmari is explained in various classical Ayurvedic texts as follows:

SUSRUTHA SAMHITHA 

The pathogenesis of asmari is explained in 3rd chapter of Susrutha Samhitha Nidana Sthana- Asmari Nidana.

 

 

In persons who do not undergo purification regularly and who indulge in unhealthy foods and activities , kapha gets aggravated , combines with urine, reaches the urinary bladder, and staying there, produces calculi (stones).

CARAKA SAMHITHA

The pathogenesis of asmari is explained in 26th chapter of Caraka Samhitha Chikitsa Sthana – Trimarmiya Chikitsa.

When the aggravated vayu dries up the semen, urine, pitta and kapha located in the urinary bladder, then gradually stones are formed there, as gorochana (gall stones) is formed in bile inside the gall bladder of the cattle. It is the kapha which is the substratum of the calculus ,and the aggravated vayu and pitta dry up the morbid kapha to produce different types of asmari or calculus.

ASHTANGA HRIDAYAM 

The pathogenesis of asmari is explained in 9th chapter of Ashtanga hridayam Nidana Sthana – Mutraghata nidanam

When the vayu (vata) covers the mouth of the bladder and dries up the urine (inside); then urine getting mixed with pitta, kapha or semen, gives rise to the formation of asmari (stone, calculi) just as gorochana gets formed from pitta (bile) in the body of ox; all of those are having kapha as their receptacle (their mass).